2024年，全球经常账户差额与世界GDP之比大幅扩大了0.6个百分点。如果考虑新冠疫情和俄乌战争导致的波动并进行相应调整，这一扩大明显逆转了其自全球金融危机以来的收窄趋势，并可能预示着一个重大的结构性转变。

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved today a 48-month arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) in the amount of SDR 455.65 million (about US$625 million or ...

The Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the Article IV Consultation and fifth review of Zambia’s 38-month Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement, approved on August ...

An International Monetary Fund (IMF) mission team led by Mr. Evan Papageorgiou, IMF Mission Chief for Sri Lanka, visited Colombo during July 21-25, 2025, to discuss recent macroeconomic developments ...

The institutional framework for macroprudential policy in Euro Area (EA) is complex, but in line with IMF guidance. While the European Systemic Risk Board (ESRB) is responsible for the macroprudential ...

On July 21, the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) completed the Article IV Consultation for the United Kingdom ...

(SRB) have become well-established. They have improved cooperation with each other, with national authorities, and with other financial sector participants, and developed detailed contingency plans ...

Kiribati, a collection of remote archipelagos of mostly low-lying atolls, faces significant risks from natural hazards and an existential risk from rising sea levels. This paper explores the critical ...

Estonia’s tax mix has been traditionally reliant on consumption taxes—especially VAT—whereas income taxes are a relatively small share of revenue. Recent and expected changes will further shift the ...

Labor productivity growth has decelerated in the Baltic economies during the past two decades, with the downturn accelerating in recent years. This Selected Issues Paper analyzes the roles of ...

This Selected Issues Paper revisits fiscal multipliers for Estonia with a view to highlighting policy trade-offs and providing growth-friendly options for fiscal consolidation. The pandemic triggered ...

Growing imbalances in largest economies underscore need for concerted adjustment in domestic macroeconomic policies ...