Composite functions are made when the output from one function is used as the input of another function. The names of the functions are written next to each other, with the function that is used first ...

Algebraic structures are fundamental mathematical entities defined by sets equipped with operations that satisfy specific axioms, such as groups, rings, and fields. Function spaces, by contrast, are ...

Almost perfect nonlinear (APN) functions play a pivotal role in cryptography, particularly in securing symmetric key algorithms against differential attacks. Their algebraic properties, including ...