Cells in Excel are referred to using relative or absolute references. A formula with relative references changes when the cell's position does.

How to Format Relative References in Excel. Microsoft Excel relies on two fundamental reference types when addressing other cells. Absolute references -- which are denoted with a "$" -- lock a ...

Cell references in Excel are like addresses that point to specific cells. Three types of Excel cell references are relative, absolute, and mixed, each with unique functions.

Handle errors using relative references to adjust formulas automatically. Use absolute references (`$`) to keep the table array constant when copying formulas.