In 1931, Harvey Elliott White developed a device that traced out the shapes of electron clouds by approximating solutions to ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract Let x1, ⋯, xn be independent observations on a p-dimensional random variable X = (X1, ⋯, Xp) with absolutely continuous distribution function ...

A class of probability density estimates can be obtained by penalizing the likelihood by a functional which depends on the roughness of the logarithm of the density. The limiting case of the estimates ...

This paper develops a new scheme for improving an approximation method of a probability density function, which is inspired by the idea in the Hilbert space projection theorem. Moreover, we apply ...

The fuzzy quantum shape that describes the speed or location of a single particle, its wave function, has now been directly measured in the laboratory, giving this mathematical concept a small dose of ...